CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS (C)FUNCTIONAL GROUPS-10th Science Notes and Question Bank

CHAPTER-12

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

(C)FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Text Book Question and Answers

I. Answer the following

1. What are functional groups? Give four examples

An atom or a group of atoms that determines the characteristic properties of a class of organic compounds is called functional group.

Eg:-

-OH Alcohols

-COOH Carboxylic acids

-CHO Aldehydes

-NH₂ Amines

2. Write general formulae of organic compounds that you studied.

R-X

An alkyl/ aryl radical (R)

Functional group (X)

3. Draw the structural of a)glycerol b)salicylic acid

4. Ethanol cannot be called poly functional compound, why?

The molecular formula of ethanol is C₂H₅OH. There is only one functional group in this molecule. Therefore, ethanol is not a poly functional compound

5. Though sodium hydroxide has hydroxyl group, it cannot be called sodium alcohol.

In sodium hydroxide -OH group is a negative radical which is linked to sodium atom by an ionic bond. This yields sodium hydroxide which is an alkali. Secondly, sodium, hydroxide is not an organic compound. Therefore, NaOH cannot be considered an alcohol.

6. Explain the naming criteria of organic compounds with an example.

Naming of organic compound CH₃CH₂CH₂-OH

1. it contain 3 carbon and carbon, carbon contain single bond. Three carbon root name = propane.

2. the organic compound contain alcoholic functional group. Suffix is ol

3. Drop the “e” ending and add “ol” the ending for alcohol

Thus the name = propane + ol = propanol

7. Why glycine is considered as poly functional compound?

Glycine (H₂N-CH₂-COOH) is a poly functional compound because it contains one amino group (-NH₂) and one carboxylic group (-COOH)

II. Fill in the blanks with the suitable answers

1. Functional group present in methanamine is amine group(-NH₂)

2. Site of chemical reaction in an organic compound is Functional Group

3. In R-X less reactive part is R

Additional Question and Answers

1. What are polyfunctional compound? Give examples.

Organic compounds having more than one functional group are called polyfunctional compounds.

Eg: Glycine(H₂N-CH₂-COOH), Salicylic Acid(OH-C₆H₄-COOH)

2. What ldoes IUPAC represent?

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

3. Identify the functional groups in the following compounds

CH₃OH - Functional group OH

CH₃COOH – Functional group COOH

4. Explain the term functional group with a suitable example

Functional groups are the sites where reactions occur in organic molecules.

Eg: CH₃OH methyl alcohol. The functional group is OH group.

8. Mention the two parts present in each class of organic compounds.

Each class of organic compounds is made up of two parts.

a. An alkyl/ aryl radical (R)

b. Functional group (X)

9. What is the active part of an organic compound called?

The functional or active part of an organic compound is called functional group.

10. What is the general notation used to represent an organic compound?

The general notation for representing an organic compound is written as R-X. Here R is the hydrocarbon part and X is the functional group.

11. Write the general formula of Alcohols, Carboxylic acids, Aldehydes and Amines?

Alcohols – R-OH

Carboxylic acids – R-COOH

Aldehydes – R-CHO

Amines – R-NH₂

12. Write the IUPAC Nomenclature of class of organic Compounds

13. In a molecule of bromoethane [CH₃-CH₂-Br] which is the functional part and which is the non-functional part?

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