CHAPTER – 11
INDIA - SOILS
(TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS)
(TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS)
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The soil deposited by rivers is called _______
(Alluvial Soil)
2. Black soil area is called________
(Deccan Trap)
3. In Rajasthan ________ soil are also mainly found.
(Desert Soil)
4. For growing cotton, _________ soil is suitable.
(Black Soil)
5. For growing ragi and oil seeds,__________ soil is suitable.
(Res Soil)
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Which crop can be grown better in the black soils?
(COTTON)
2. What are the types of soils found in India?
1. Alluvial soil
2. Black soil
3. Red soil
4. Laterite Soil
5. Desert soil
6. Mountain soil
3. What kind of soil is found in the northern plains?
(Alluvial soil)
4. What is meant by soil conservation? List out its methods?
Prevention of soil erosion and protecting the fertility of the soil is known as ‘Conservation of Soil’.
CONSERVATION METHODS
1. COUNTER PLOUGHING.
2. Construction of BUNDS.
3. Development of TERRACED AGRICULTURE.
4. Prevention of DEFORESTATION
5. Encouragement of AFFORESTATION.
6. Control of ANIMAL GRAZING.
7. PLANNED USE of water.
8. Construction of CHECK DAMS.
5. What is soil erosion?
Collect information of its effects. TRANSPORTATION OF SURFACE SOIL by various natural forces is called ‘Soil Erosion’.
EFFECTS OF SOIL EROSION
1. Leads to SILT ACCUMULATION.
2. Causes FLOOD.
3. Changing of RIVER COURSE.
4. Reduction of STORAGE CAPACITY of reservoirs.
5. WATER PERCOLATING DOWN gets reduced.
6. Natural springs DRY UP.
7. Agriculture will be affected
8. SOIL FERTILITY & PRODUCTIVITY gets reduced.
6. Which types of soils are found in the Himalayan Mountains?
(MOUNTAIN SOIL)
MATCH THE FOLLOWING
1. Alluvial Soil _____ A. to grow Ragi & oil seeds
2. Black Soil ______B. soil of the Western Ghats
3. Red Soil ______C. the Gangetic Plain
4. Laterite Soil _____ D. to grow Cotton _____ E. to grow Coffee and Tea
(ANSWER: 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-E)
ADDITIONAL LEARNING MATERIALS FOR HIGH SCORING..!!
1. Why does India have different types of soils?
Different types of soils are found in India DUE TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROCKS & DIFFERENT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
2. How does soil formed?
Soil is formed by the weathering of rocks under different types of climate&by the agents of denudation.
3. What are the elements of soil?
Soil contains decayed organic matters of plants & animals.
4. How many types of soils are found in India?
There are SIX TYPES of soils in India.
5. What is an alluvial soil?
The soils IN THE LOWER AREA are called alluvial soil.
6. Which is the most widespread soil in India?
(Alluvial soil)
7. The total area of alluvial soil in India is _______
(7.7 million sq. km)
8. Which are the regions of India where alluvial soil is found?
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha, Punjab, Haryana, Assam, Narmada-Tapi valleys, East and West coasts.
9. What are the crops grown in alluvial soil?
Wheat, Paddy, Sugarcane, Cotton, Jute
10. Which soil is called 'Regur Soil'?
(BLACK SOIL)
11. Why do we call the Black soil as 'Black Cotton Soil’?
Because it is BEST SUITABLE FOR COTTON CULTIVATION.
12. The total area of black soil in India is ________
(5.46 lakh sq km)
13. Which soil area is called as 'Deccan Trap'?
(The area of BLACK SOIL.)
14.How does black soil formed?
The Black Soil is formed from the WEATHERING OF IGNEOUS ROCKS.
15. In which soil, the clay particles are mostly found?
(In BLACK SOIL.)
16.Which soil is very capable to retaining water?
(BLACK SOIL)
17. Where we found black soil in India?
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Western Andhra Pradesh, North Karnataka, Gujarat
18.What are the major elements of Black Soil?
(lime and magnesium carbonates)
19. Which is the best soil for DRY FARMING?
(Black Soil)
20. Which are the major crops grown in Black Soil?
Cotton, Jowar, Wheat, Onion, Chilly, Tobacco, Oil Seeds, Lemon and Grapes
21. Which is MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTED soil in the Peninsular Plateau?
(Red Soil)
22. The total area of Red Soil found in India is __________
(5.18 lakh sq km)
23. Write on the spread of Red Soil regions in India.
1. From Kanyakumari (south) to Jhansi in Madhya Pradesh (North)
2. From Kutch (west) to Rajmahal hills (east)
24. What are the MAJOR CROPS grown in red soil?
Ragi, Tobacco and Oil Seeds.(Ifirrigation facility is there - Paddy, Sugarcane, Cotton)
25. Where do we found Laterite Soil in India?
Areas receiving MORE THAN 200 CMS OF RAINFALL.
26. What elements are lacking in Laterite Soil?
(lack of NITROGEN AND MINERALS)
27. How wide is Laterite Soil spread in India?
(In an area of 2.48 lakh sq km)
28. Which are the areas of India, where the Laterite soil is found?
Laterite soils are in Western Ghats, The Vindhyas, The Satpuras, Rajmahal Hills, And Purvachal Hills.
29. For which crops is Laterite Soil most suitable?
It is suitable for the cultivation of COFFEE AND TEA and OTHER PLANTATION crops.
30. Which is the most suitable soil for PLANTATION CROPS?
LATERITE SOIL is most suitable soil for Plantation crop.
31. How does desert soils formed? Or where is desert soil found?
Desert soils are formed IN AREAS WITH LESS RAINFALL AND HIGH TEMPERATURE.
32. What is the color of desert soil?
Desert soil is RED AND BROWN in color.
33. The total area of Desert Soil found in India is __________
(1.4 lakh sq km)
34. Which crops can be grown in desert soil?
Jowar, Sajje and Dates are grown in Desert Soil.
35. Where do desert soil found in India?
North-west Rajasthan, its adjoining areas of Punjab,Haryana, Kutch and Aravali mountains.
36. Where is the Mountain Soil found?
Mountain soils are found on the LOWER SLOPES OF THE MOUNTAINS.
37. ________ soil contains plenty of decayed organic matter.
(MOUNTAIN SOIL)
38. What are the major elements of Mountain soil?
Mountain soil contains NITROGEN AND ORGANIC RESIDUES.
39. Which crops are suitable for mountain soils?
Coffee, Tea, Spices & Fruits
40. Where is mountain soil found in India?
Foothills of Himalayas Jammu &Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Uttarakand West Bengal Other mountain regions.
41. What are the main CAUSES of SOIL EROSION?
1) RUNNING WATER
2) WINDS
3) SEA WAVES
42. Why is it important to prevent soil erosion?
Prevention of soil erosion is necessary TO MAINTAIN SOIL FERTILITY and PRODUCTION.
43. What is 'Soil management'?
Protecting the fertility of the soil and using the soil in a healthy way for increasing the agricultural produce is called ‘Soil Management’.
44. What is the main importance given in the Five Year Plans of India?
SOIL CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT has been given importance.
45. Soil made up of very fine particles is called _______
(clay soil)
46. The soil made up of large particles is called __________
(Sandy Soil)
47. What is ‘Pedology’?
Pedology is the study of FORMATION, STRUCTURE, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOIL & its changes.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. How is the Laterite Soil formed?
1. It is found areas getting MORE THAN 200 CM OF RAINFALL.
2. Because of rainfall, the MINERALS of soil get WASHED-OFF.
3. So only FERRIC OXIDE & ALLUMINIUM remains on the surface.
4. This makes the SOIL RED IN COLOR.-In this way, the Laterite Soil is formed.
2. Laterite Soil is very LOWFERTILE. Why?
1. RAINWATER DISSOLVES the minerals of the soil.
2. Sends these minerals DEEP INTO THE EARTH.
3. Only FERRIC OXIDE & ALLUMINIUM remains on the soil surface.
4. As such, this soil is very LOW FERTILE.
3. There is less moisture in desert soil. Why?
In Desert Soil, the WATER PERCOLATES EASILY WITHOUT RETENTIVE. Hence moisture gets reduced.
4. What are the CAUSES of soil erosion?
1. Deforestation
2. Over grazing
3. Unscientific cultivation.
4. Over irrigation
5. Manufacture of bricks & tiles
5. Write a note on: Alluvial soil
1. This is the soil, deposited by rivers.
2. It is very widespread in India.
3. It covers an area of about 7.7 million sq. km
4. Itis widely found in the northern plains.
5. Main crops are wheat, paddy, sugarcane, cotton & jute.
6. Write a note on: Black Soil
1. It is also called as ‘REGUR SOIL’,
2. It is best suitable for COTTON CULTIVATION.
3. This soil caused by WEATHERING OF IGNEOUS ROCKS.
4. It is fertile and capable of retaining water.
5. This soil is found in MAHARASHTRA, GUJARAT, MADHYA PRADESH & NORTH KARNATAKA.
6. It is highly suitable for DRY FARMING.
7. Write a note on: Red Soil
1. It is widely spread over the PENINSULAR PLATEAU.
2. Found from KANYAKUMARI in the south to JHANSI in the north.
3. KUTCH in the west to RAJMAHAL in the east.
4. Suit for RAGI, TOBACCO AND OIL SEEDS crop.
8. Write a note on: Laterite Soil
1. It is found where the RAINFALL IS MORE THAN 200 cm.
2. FERTILITY is very low.
3. It is LACK IN nitrogen and minerals.
4. It is found in WESTERN GHATS, VINDHYA, SATPUR HILLS.
5. Suitable for PLANTATION CROPS like coffee, tea.
6. This soil is in RED COLOR.
9. Write a note on: Desert Soil
1. This soil is formed in VERY LOW RAINFALL AND HIGH TEMPERATURE.
2. It is RED AND BROWN in color.
3. WATER PERCOLATES easily without retentive.
4. MOISTURE GETS REDUCED in the soil.
5. 1.4 LAKH SQ KMS of Desert Soil found in India. 6. JOWAR, SAJJE AND DATES are grown in this soil.
10. Write a note on: Mountain Soil
1. Contains plenty of decayed organic matter.
2. If found on the lower slopes of the mountains.
3. Rich in NITROGEN & ORGANIC RESIDUES.
4. Suitable for COFFEE, TEA, SPICES & FRUITS.
5. This soil is found in the HIMALAYAN FOOTHILLS & MOST OF THE MOUNTAINS.
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