Chapter 10 Combustion and Flame
1. List conditions under which combustion can take place.
Answer: The conditions for combustion are:
• The presence of a combustible substance.
• The presence of air with a sufficient amount of oxygen.
• The temperature of combustible substances should be more than its ignition temperature.
Answer: The conditions for combustion are:
• The presence of a combustible substance.
• The presence of air with a sufficient amount of oxygen.
• The temperature of combustible substances should be more than its ignition temperature.
2. Fill in the blanks:
1. Burning of wood and coal causes _________ of air.
2. A liquid fuel, used in homes is _________
3. Fuel must be heated to its _________ before it starts burning.
4. Fire produced by oil cannot be controlled by _________
Answer:
1. Pollution
2. kerosene
3. ignition temperature
4. water
1. Burning of wood and coal causes _________ of air.
2. A liquid fuel, used in homes is _________
3. Fuel must be heated to its _________ before it starts burning.
4. Fire produced by oil cannot be controlled by _________
Answer:
1. Pollution
2. kerosene
3. ignition temperature
4. water
3. Explain how the use of CNG in automobiles has reduced pollution in our cities.
Answer: The use of CNG in automobiles has reduced pollution in our cities because CNG burns with a blue smokeless flame and does not leave any ash after burning.
Answer: The use of CNG in automobiles has reduced pollution in our cities because CNG burns with a blue smokeless flame and does not leave any ash after burning.
4. Compare LPG and wood as fuels.
Answer:
Answer:
5. Give reasons:
(a) Water is not used to control the fire involving electrical equipment.
(b) LPG is a better domestic fuel than wood.
(c) Paper by itself catches fire easily whereas a piece of paper wrapped around an aluminium pipe does not.
Answer:
(a) Water is not used to control the fire involving electrical equipment because water conducts electricity and thus, there is the possibility of the electric current electrocuting the person trying to extinguish the fire with water.
(b) LPG is a better fuel than wood because it is smokeless, does not leave any residue, has a high calorific value, and low ignition temperature.
(c) Paper by itself catches fire easily whereas a piece of paper wrapped around an aluminium pipe does not because the heat supplied to the paper is transferred to the aluminium pipe so the aluminium lowers the temperature of the paper. In the presence of aluminium, the ignition temperature of paper is not reached. Hence, it does not burn.
(a) Water is not used to control the fire involving electrical equipment.
(b) LPG is a better domestic fuel than wood.
(c) Paper by itself catches fire easily whereas a piece of paper wrapped around an aluminium pipe does not.
Answer:
(a) Water is not used to control the fire involving electrical equipment because water conducts electricity and thus, there is the possibility of the electric current electrocuting the person trying to extinguish the fire with water.
(b) LPG is a better fuel than wood because it is smokeless, does not leave any residue, has a high calorific value, and low ignition temperature.
(c) Paper by itself catches fire easily whereas a piece of paper wrapped around an aluminium pipe does not because the heat supplied to the paper is transferred to the aluminium pipe so the aluminium lowers the temperature of the paper. In the presence of aluminium, the ignition temperature of paper is not reached. Hence, it does not burn.
6. Make a labelled diagram of a candle flame.
Answer:
Answer:
7. Name the unit in which the calorific value of a fuel is expressed.
Answer: Kilojoules/kilogram (KJ/Kg).
Answer: Kilojoules/kilogram (KJ/Kg).
8. Explain how CO2 is able to control fires.
Answer: CO2 forms a large around the burning substance and cuts off the supply of air (oxygen) to it and hence extinguishes fire.
Answer: CO2 forms a large around the burning substance and cuts off the supply of air (oxygen) to it and hence extinguishes fire.
9. It is difficult to burn a heap of green leaves but dry leaves catch fire easily. Explain.
Answer: The ignition temperature of dry leaves is much less than that of green leaves (due to the presence of water). Hence, it is difficult to burn a heap of green leaves but dry leaves catch fire easily.
Answer: The ignition temperature of dry leaves is much less than that of green leaves (due to the presence of water). Hence, it is difficult to burn a heap of green leaves but dry leaves catch fire easily.
10. Which zone of a flame does a goldsmith use for melting gold and silver and why?
Answer: A goldsmith uses the outermost zone of a flame for melting gold, and silver because it the hottest zone of the flame.
Answer: A goldsmith uses the outermost zone of a flame for melting gold, and silver because it the hottest zone of the flame.
11. In an experiment, 4.5 kg of fuel was completely burnt. The heat produced was measured to be 180,000 KJ. Calculate the calorific value of the fuel.
Answer: The heat produced by burning 4.5kg of a fuel = 1,80,000 KJ
The heat produced by burning 1 kg of a fuel = 1,80,0004.5 = 40,000 KJ/kg.
∴ The caloric value of the fuel is 40,000 KJ/kg.
Answer: The heat produced by burning 4.5kg of a fuel = 1,80,000 KJ
The heat produced by burning 1 kg of a fuel = 1,80,0004.5 = 40,000 KJ/kg.
∴ The caloric value of the fuel is 40,000 KJ/kg.
12. Can the process of rusting be called combustion? Discuss.
Answer: The process of rusting can be called combustion because it produces heat. This combustion takes place at a slow rate.
Answer: The process of rusting can be called combustion because it produces heat. This combustion takes place at a slow rate.
13. Abida and Ramesh were doing an experiment in which water was to be heated in a beaker. Abida kept the beaker near the wick in the yellow part of the candle flame. Ramesh kept the beaker in the outermost part of the flame. Whose water will get heated in a shorter time?
Answer: The water of Ramesh’s beaker will get heated in a shorter time because the outermost part of the flame is the hottest.
Answer: The water of Ramesh’s beaker will get heated in a shorter time because the outermost part of the flame is the hottest.
Combustion and Flame Additional s and Answers
1. What are fuels?
Answer: Fuels are stores of energy which on burning give heat and light.
Answer: Fuels are stores of energy which on burning give heat and light.
2. Name a few fuels used in our homes.
Answer: Cowdung, wood, coal, LPG, kerosene.
Answer: Cowdung, wood, coal, LPG, kerosene.
3. What is combustion?
Answer: The process of production of heat and light by the burning of a combustible substance in the presence of air is called combustion.
Answer: The process of production of heat and light by the burning of a combustible substance in the presence of air is called combustion.
4. Write an example to show the process of combustion.
Answer: Magnesium burns to form magnesium oxide and produces heat and light.
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO + Heat + Light
Answer: Magnesium burns to form magnesium oxide and produces heat and light.
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO + Heat + Light
5. What is the requirement for controlling fire?
Answer: To control fire, the requirement is to cool the materials on fire to a temperature below their ignition temperature and to disrupt their contact with air and thereby cut off the supply of oxygen.
Answer: To control fire, the requirement is to cool the materials on fire to a temperature below their ignition temperature and to disrupt their contact with air and thereby cut off the supply of oxygen.
6. How does water control fire?
Answer: Water cools the combustible material so that its temperature is brought below its ignition temperature. This prevents the fire from spreading. Water vapours also surround the combustible material, helping in cutting the supply of air. So, the fire is extinguished.
Answer: Water cools the combustible material so that its temperature is brought below its ignition temperature. This prevents the fire from spreading. Water vapours also surround the combustible material, helping in cutting the supply of air. So, the fire is extinguished.
7. When is water used to extinguish the fire?
Answer: Water is used to extinguish the fire in case the burning materials are solids or liquids heavier than water.
Answer: Water is used to extinguish the fire in case the burning materials are solids or liquids heavier than water.
8. What are the types of combustion? Explain them.
Answer: There are two types of combustion:
1. Rapid combustion
2. Spontaneous combustion
1. Rapid combustion. Combustion that takes place at a very fast rate is called rapid combustion. In this type of combustion, both heat and light are released. Examples are burning of LPG, petrol, dry grass, matchstick, magnesium ribbon, etc.
2. Spontaneous combustion. Combustion that occurs without the aid of any external heat is known as spontaneous combustion. For Example, sodium and white phosphorus catch fire without any external heat.
Answer: There are two types of combustion:
1. Rapid combustion
2. Spontaneous combustion
1. Rapid combustion. Combustion that takes place at a very fast rate is called rapid combustion. In this type of combustion, both heat and light are released. Examples are burning of LPG, petrol, dry grass, matchstick, magnesium ribbon, etc.
2. Spontaneous combustion. Combustion that occurs without the aid of any external heat is known as spontaneous combustion. For Example, sodium and white phosphorus catch fire without any external heat.
9. What is an explosion?
Answer: When a sudden reaction takes place with the evolution of heat, light and a large amount of gas then the reaction is called an explosion. Examples of explosions are the bursting of crackers and the shot of a gun.
Answer: When a sudden reaction takes place with the evolution of heat, light and a large amount of gas then the reaction is called an explosion. Examples of explosions are the bursting of crackers and the shot of a gun.
10. What is a flame?
Answer: A flame is a zone where the burning of gases or vapour takes place with the production of light and heat. A flame results due to rapid combustions of fuel.
Answer: A flame is a zone where the burning of gases or vapour takes place with the production of light and heat. A flame results due to rapid combustions of fuel.
11. What is the colour of a candle flame?
Answer: The candle flame is of blue colour.
Answer: The candle flame is of blue colour.
12. raw and explain the different zones of the candle flame.
Answer:
A candle flame has mainly three zones:
(i) The innermost zone: The innermost zone of the flame is cooler than the other zones and it is dark. It contains the fuel (wax) in the gaseous state.
(ii) The middle zone: This is the largest zone of the flame. It is also the bright zone. In this zone, the fuel burns partially and forms carbon particles. The hot carbon particles emit light. This zone gives soot and smoke.
(iii) The outermost zone: This zone of the flame is thin and blue in colour. As the oxygen from the air is readily available in this zone, there is complete combustion of the fuel. This is the hottest zone of the flame. The temperature of this zone is maximum around 1800°C.
Answer:
(i) The innermost zone: The innermost zone of the flame is cooler than the other zones and it is dark. It contains the fuel (wax) in the gaseous state.
(ii) The middle zone: This is the largest zone of the flame. It is also the bright zone. In this zone, the fuel burns partially and forms carbon particles. The hot carbon particles emit light. This zone gives soot and smoke.
(iii) The outermost zone: This zone of the flame is thin and blue in colour. As the oxygen from the air is readily available in this zone, there is complete combustion of the fuel. This is the hottest zone of the flame. The temperature of this zone is maximum around 1800°C.
13. What is observed when a clean glass plate is introduced into the luminous part of the flame? What does it indicate?
Answer: A circular blackish ring is formed on the glass plate. It indicates the deposition of unburnt carbon particles present in the luminous zone of the flame.
Answer: A circular blackish ring is formed on the glass plate. It indicates the deposition of unburnt carbon particles present in the luminous zone of the flame.
14. Which part of the candle flame is the hottest?
Answer: Non-luminous zone.
Answer: Non-luminous zone.
15. Name few fuels.
Answer: Wood, charcoal, petrol, kerosene.
Answer: Wood, charcoal, petrol, kerosene.
16. Write few qualities of fuels.
Answer: Fuel is a substance which is readily available. It is cheap. It burns easily in the air at a moderate rate. It produces a large amount of heat. It does not leave behind any undesirable substance.
Answer: Fuel is a substance which is readily available. It is cheap. It burns easily in the air at a moderate rate. It produces a large amount of heat. It does not leave behind any undesirable substance.
17. What is the calorific value of fuel? What is its unit?
Answer: The amount of heat energy produced on complete combustion of 1kg of a fuel is called its calorific value. The calorific value of a fuel is expressed in a unit called kilojoules per kg (kJ/kg).
Answer: The amount of heat energy produced on complete combustion of 1kg of a fuel is called its calorific value. The calorific value of a fuel is expressed in a unit called kilojoules per kg (kJ/kg).
18. What is global warming?
Answer: Glob l warming is the rise in the temperature of the environment of the earth. This results in the melting of polar glaciers. This leads to rising in sea level, causing floods on the sea coast.
Answer: Glob l warming is the rise in the temperature of the environment of the earth. This results in the melting of polar glaciers. This leads to rising in sea level, causing floods on the sea coast.
19. How is acid rain harmful?
Answer: Acid rain is harmful to crops, buildings, and soil.
Answer: Acid rain is harmful to crops, buildings, and soil.
20. Which fuel replaces the use of diesel and petrol as fuels in automobiles? Why?
Answer: CNG. CNG produces pollutants in very small amounts.
Answer: CNG. CNG produces pollutants in very small amounts.
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