Chapter 1
A Day in the Ashram
C1. Answer the following questions and share your responses
with your partner.
1.
Who named the school ‘Shantiniketan”?
Answer:
Maharshi Rabindranath Tagore named the school Shantiniketan.
2.
When does the day in Shantiniketan begin?
Answer:
The day begins before dawn, when the birds chirps in almoki groves.
3.
What is termed by Gurudeva as, the darling of
our hearts’?
Answer:
Shantiniketan is termed as the darling of our hearts by Gurudev.
4.
Which phrase used in paragraph 1 means’ both the
old and the young people ‘?
Answer:
The phrase ‘old and young alike’ means both the old and the young people in
Paragraph 1
5.
The boys in Shantiniketan get up early in the
morning . Who else are early risers ?
Answer:
The birds in amloki grooves are the early risers with the boys in
Shantiniketan.
C2.
Work in pairs, Answer the following questions and share vour responses with
vour partners.
1.
What kind of work do the boys practice in the
afternoon?
Answer: The boys in Shantiniketan practice Carpentry,
spinning, weaving, drafting, painting music etc in the afternoon. They learn
these types of handwork.
2.
What are Shantiniketam boys famous for.?
Answer:
The Shantiniketan boys are famous for sports and games everywhere.
3.
How do the boys spend their evenings before they
go to bed?
Answer: The boys spend their evening before they go to bed
by telling fairy tales, recitation of short dramas, singing of Gurudeva’s songs
and gatherings of different schools.
4. Read the second paragraph carefully. What is describes is
:
a) the greatness of the teacher
b) the song of the choristers
c) the lessons taught in the Ashram
d) the silent meditation of the inmates
Answer: b) The song of the choristers
C3. Read and discuss your responses with your partner. Then
write.
1.
What is the effect of the song of the choristers
on the listeners?
Answer:
When the Choristers are singing their morning hymns and they go around the
Ashram, one can hear the voices. The beauty of the sound in the silent morning
air and the sense of Joy and reverence which it brings, give peace to the soul.
2.
How are classes held in the afternoon in
Shantiniketan?
Answer:
in the afternoon, at two o’clock, the afternoon classes begin. Handiwork is
practiced. The work is chiefly with hands and the mind. The boys practice
handicrafts such as carpentry, mechanics, spinning, weaving, drafting, painting
and playing musical instruments. This helps the boys to discover their tastes
and talents.
3.
How do the boys spend their evenings in
Shantiniketan?
Answer: In the evening, the boys return after playing in the
field. They meditate for a short time. They take part in cultural activities
such as singing songs, reciting and enacting dramas, telling fairy tales, and
attending school gatherings.
4.
How are the classes at Shantiniketan different
from the classes in other schools?
Answer:
The classes at Shantiniketan is completely different from the classes of other
schools. In Shantiniketan, the teaching is student or child-centered. The
students sit with their teacher in the open air under the trees. There is no
classrooms. The group of 8 to 10 students has one teacher. Very few books are’
used. Most part of learning is done through conversation. The students could
ask questions and clear their doubts. On the contrary in other schools, the
teaching is teacher-oriented (centered). One teacher in the class should teach
50 to 60 students, many books and subjects.Her subjects are compulsory whether the
students like or dislike. The answer should be by heart. Her subjects are
compulsory whether the students like or dislike. The answer should be by heart.
Handiworks are very less and they were not given much importance. The students
do not have freedom.
5.How does Shantiniketan prepare the boys for life
Answer: The classes in Shanthinikethan not only CPC Honest
Success Series teaches subjects but also handiwork’s. Here the importance is
given to the allThe teacher-student relationship is encourage them to learn
that subject.
Handiwork
is also helpful to build their future and succeed in that particular field. If
the students learn their talented subjects they would definitely gain skills.
It is helpful in their future life. Thus Shantiniketan helps and prepare the
students for life.
C4.
The writer has used the phrase ‘living education’ to describe the experience in
Shantiniketan. Some features of education are given below. Classify them into
the categories of ‘living education’ and ‘unimaginative instruction. Discuss in
groups.
C5.
Write a paragraph describing your our idea of a good school
Answer: A Good
School: The teachers are pillars for school. They must be educated, kind,
learned, disciplined and have lot of patience. They must love their profession
and children. Magnificent building, spacious class rooms and big fields are not
as much important. The way of teaching should encourage the students creative
thinking.
Give
importance to boost the children’s talent. The students should have free ness
to ask questions. Handiwork’s and games and sports should include in their
curriculum. The students should also be obedient, disciplined and love to
learn.
Vocabulary:
VI. Observe The use of nearer and nearer in the following example. e.g. You can
hear the voice in the distance, drawing nearer and nearer. Fill in the blanks
in the following sentences with the help of the clues given in brackets.
1.
When you blow air into a balloon in becomes ………
and ………. [big]
2.
As the train approaches the station, the should
of its whistle becomes ……….. and ………[loud]
3.
If you practice harder and harder, you will feel
……… and ……… [much] confident to solve the problems.
4.
Man has been constructing ………. and ………. [tall] buildings
in the cities.
5.
As you move away from a tree it looks ……… and
………… [small]
Answer:
1. bigger, bigger [big]
2. louder, louder [loud]
3. more, more [much]
4. taller, taller [tall]
5. smaller, smaller [small]
V2. Fill in the blanks using some and others.
e.g. Some prefer capentry others prefer mechanical work.
1. You can see shining objects in
the sky at night. …….. of them are planets ………. are stars.
2. There are many fruits in the
basket. ………. of them are mangoes, ……… are bananas.
3. After the bell, ……….. boys went
out to play ………. went home.
4. There are a few books on the
table. ……….. of them are text books, ……….. are not.
5. ………. of the apples in the
basket are good ………… are bad.
Answer:
1. some, others
2. some, others
3. some, others
4. some, others
5. some, others
V3.
Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate words from the words given in
brackets.
Last
week [week, weak] I went to a shop to buy [by buy] a pair of trousers. I bought
one and returned home. When I tried to wear [wear., ware] it, I found that it
was rather loose [loose, lose]. So I went to the shop in fury. But the
shopkeeper was out. So I had to wait [wait, weight] for half an hour. When he
returned. I shouted at him, “See how big it is. It fits an elephant”. He replied
coolly looking at my pot belly, “Therefore we offered it to your, Sir”.
V4.
Fill in the blanks using the antonyms of the words underlined.
1. Krishna was a …….. king, while his friend was
a ……… man.
2. Madanika is ……… but her brother is ………..
3. Radhika is ……… but her sister is ………..
4. Silk is ……..; iron is ……..
5. I can ……….. stories but ………… lessons.
Answer:
1. rich, poor
2. tall, short.
3. strong, weak
4. soft, hard
5. remember, remember
V5.
Classify the following into prefixes and suffixes :
re,
less, fill, mis, non, anti, ment, able, ish, in ex, ion, ship, multi, sub, ive.
One example for each is given.
Prefixes Suffixes
re-mis,
non, anti, in ex, multi sub -less,
full, ment, able ish, ion, ship, ive
V6.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prefixes choosing from the ones given
above [V5]
1. The school reopens on ………..
2. Manish eats meat. He is a ………
3. Terrorists are ……… social.
4. BakraNangal is a ………. purpose project.
5. Plastic chairs are ………. expensive.
Answer:
1. June 1
2. non – vegetarian.
3. anti
4. multi
5. in
V7.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate suffixes choosing from the ones given above
[V5]
1. He was comfort…….. in his seat on the train.
2. He was acting in a very chill…….. way.
3. She looked at her reflect………. in the mirror.
4. India has won the Champion……… at Sharjah.
5. The rate of employ………. in India has been
rising steadily.
Answer:
1. table
2. dish
3. ion
4. ship
5. ment
Task
2. Your teacher will say these words. listen and write them in two different
columns a few example are given.
Words
with / i: /
Words with /i /
eg
mean, priest, lead, seek, clean, read, eg spit, win, fit, mist, kit, grin, mix chit,
hid, trim
speed,
meet, breed, sheet, dream, fees, Leed, learn
C. Reading:
Reading warning Sings.
1. Do not use it in a
closed room. (3)
2. Do not eat or
drink it (2)
3. Do not breathe it
in (6)
4. Do not store it in
a cupboard. Keep it cool. (4)
5. Do not but in it.
(1)
6. Keep it in a place
where a child cannot go near it. (5)
D. GRAMMAR
Task 1:
Read the following passage. underline the common nouns. Say
whether they are countable, that is whether they can be wanted one, two etc.,
or whether they are uncountable. that is, they cannot be counted, list them
under different columns. Two examples are given.
There was a merchant in a town. His name was Parashuramappa.
He had many friends. They helped him in selling milk all over the town.
Parashuramappa loved to live in peace. Also, he always spoke the truth. These
qualities endeared him to all the people in the locality.
Countable Nouns Uncountable
Nouns
People, merchant, town, friends milk,
peace, truth
Task 2:
Fill in the blanks using ‘a,’ ‘an’ or ‘the’ only
1.
Abdul is an excellent football player. As a
student, he won many prizes. Now he has joined a .multinational company. The
company encourages him to play for the state-level tournaments.
2.
Democracy is the best form of government for all
the people who have the right to vote. Even in the emergency, the people do not
j lose their…. rights, in that form of government.
3.
Peter lives in the same locality as I do. His
father is an Assistant Engineer. He loves … music and… sports. His most
favorite sports is … is cricket.
Task 3:
Look at the following pairs of sentences. Why is ‘the’ (the
definite article) used in some cases but not in others? Discuss with your
partner and write the reasons. Answer the following questions by filling in the
blanks. :
1. …….. rose is a
beautiful flower
2. ……… rose on your
coat is fading.
3. Do you have …….
ticket? (The ticket collector to the passenger )
4. Here are …….
tickets
5. It is ……… e-mail
6. I have not yet
read …….. e-mail
Answer:
1. A
2. The
3. the
4. the
5. an
6. the
Task 4: What do you understand after doing these exercises?
Answer the following questions by filling in the blanks.
1. Nouns can be
countable or Uncountable
2. Countable can be
singular or plural.
3. ‘a’, ‘an’ and they
are articles.
4. ‘a’, and ‘an’ are
used only with countable nouns
5. ‘The’ can be used
with both singular and plural forms of nouns,
6. The is called the
definite article, ‘a’ and ‘an’ are called indefinite. Articles.
Answer:
1. Uncountable
2. plural
3. the
4. countable
5. plural
6. article,
indefinite
Other Determines
Apart from a / an / the, some of the other determiners are a
few, many, several, a pair of, a piece of, a lot of etc.
Another type of determiners are Demonstratives namely
This- these
That- those.
Task 5: Frame sentences using the above determiners.
1. There are ………
students in the assembly hall.
2. I have ……….
books,.
3. Gopi had ……….
paintings.
4. Sindhu purchased
………. of gloves.
5. Ranga tasted ………..
sweet.
6. ……….. people
attended the fair.
7. ……… is fruit and
……….. are fruits.
8. ………. is a toy and
……….. are toys.
Answer:
1. a few
2. many
3. several
4. a pair
5. a piece of
6. A lot of
7. This, these
8. That, those
E. Writing: Choice of words :
Task 1: Read the following descriptions. Substitute each
with an appropriately descriptive word from the ones given in brackets below.
One example is given.
1. He often promises
to do things, but half the time he forgets ………….
2. She is always here
on time ……….
3. I don’t think he
has done any work since he has been here, ……….
4. She finds it
difficult to meet people and talk to strangers ………..
5. He can work in any
department and it doesn’t matter to him if he is on his own or part of a team
………..
Answer:
1. Forgetful
2. punctual
3. azy
4. shy
5. flexible
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
1.
Who is the author of the lesson ‘A Day in the
Ashram’?
Answer:
C. F. Andrews is the author of the lesson ‘A Day in the Ashram’.
2.
What do the choristers of the Ashram do?
Answer:
The choristers go round the Ashram singing hymns.
3.
Why do the boys go into the fields with their
asanas?
Answer:
AThe boys go into the fields to meditate alone in the silence of the morning.
4.
There are no classrooms in Shantiniketan. Where
do the boys sit and learn?
Answer:
The boys sit in small groups of eight or ten under the trees with their
teachers.
5.
What does C.F. Andrews call the education
imparted in the Ashram?
Answer:
C. F. Andrews calls the education imparted in the Ashram “Living education”.
6.
When do the afternoon classes begin?
Answer:
The afternoon classes begin at two o’clock.
7.
Give a list of the handicrafts practiced by the
boys.
Answer:
1. Carpentry
2. spinning
3. weaving
4. drafting
5. painting
6. mechanical work
7. playing musical instruments.
8.
When do the boys go to bed?
Answer:
The boys go to bed by nine o’clock at night.
Multiple
Choice Questions:
Four
alternatives are given for each of the following questions/ incomplete
statements. Choose the most appropriate one.
1.
‘A Day in the Ashram’ is written by
A)
A.L. Hendricks
B)
Charles Dickens
C)
C.F Andrews
D)
Daniel Miller
Answer:
C) C.F Andrews
2.
Shantiniketan was founded by
A)
Rabindranath Tagore
B)
C.F Andrews
C)
Mahatma Gandhi
D)
C.V. Raman
Answer:
A) Rabindranath Tagore
3.
Who has referred to Shantiniketan as ‘The darling of our hearts’?
A)
Mahatma Gandhi
B)
Rabindranath Tagore
C)
C.F. Andrews
D) Sarojini Naidu
Answer:
B) Rabindranath Tagore
4.
In the ashram, what gives peace to the soul?
A)
The singing of the birds in the amloki groves
B)
The boys meditating in the fields in the morning
C)
The beauty of the sound of the choristers singing in the morning
D)
The boys standing in the shade of the trees and singing hymns.
Answer:
C) The beauty of the sound of the choristers singing in the morning
5.
A greater part of the teaching in Shantiniketan is carried on through
A)
books
B)
discussions
C)
conversation
D)
examinations
Answer:
C) conversation
6.
In the ashram, the boys’ own natural tastes are discovered through
A)
singing of hymns
B)
the handiwork they practice
C)
sports and games
D)
reciting of short dramas
Answer:
B) the handiwork they practice
7.
The Shantiniketan boys are famous for
A) sports and games
B)
studies
C)
discipline
D)
knowledge
Answer:
A) sports and games
A
Day in the Ashram Summary in English
A
day in the Ashram’ is the experience of C. F. Andrews while he stayed in the
Ashram known as ‘Shanthiniketan’founded by Rabindranath Tagore, he was famous
as ‘Gurudeva’. Shantiniketan was his dream school. He was one of the important
educationists. All his ideas are practically applied in this school. It is one
of the important internationally popular schools.
1.
The beauty of Shantiniketan is not found
visibly. Its importance lies in its quality of education and
the way of
teaching. Irrespective of age all who have visited it, appreciate and feel its
inner beauty
Gurudeva says that all the students learned here never forgot
their student life and they reached a very
great height in future life. Our
ex-Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi was one of the students of
Shantiniketan.
A Day in the Ashram Summary in Kannada
A Day in the Ashram ಎಂಬ
ಪಾಠವನ್ನು ಸಿ.ಎಫ್. ಆಂಡ್ರ್ಯೂಸ್
ಅವರು ಬರೆದಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಆಂಡ್ರ್ಯೂಸ್ ಅವರು ಆಶ್ರಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಉಳಿದುಕೊಂಡಾಗ ತಮ್ಮ ಅನುಭವವನ್ನು ಬಹಿರಂಗಪಡಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಶಾಂತಿನಿಕೇತನವನ್ನು ರವೀಂದ್ರನಾಥ ಟ್ಯಾಗೋರ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಿದರು. ಇದು ತನ್ನದೇಯಾದ ವಿಶೇಷತೆಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ಶಾಲೆಯಾಗಿದೆ, ಅಲ್ಲಿ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳು ಸಂತೋಷದಿಂದ ಕಲಿಯುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ಶಾಂತಿನಿಕೇತನದ
ಸೌಂದರ್ಯವನ್ನು ಪದಗಳು ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು ಲೇಖಕರು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಇದನ್ನು ರವೀಂದ್ರನಾಥ ಟ್ಯಾಗೋರ್ ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಿದರು. ನಾವು ಟ್ಯಾಗೋರರನ್ನು ಗುರುದೇವ ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯುತ್ತೇವೆ. ಅವರು ತಮ್ಮ‘ನಮ್ಮ ಹೃದಯಗಳ ಪ್ರಿಯತಮೆ.’ ಗೀತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ
ಶಾಂತಿನಿಕೇತನ ಎಂದು ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಆಶ್ರಮಕ್ಕೆ ಭೇಟಿ ನೀಡಿದವರು ಆಶ್ರಮದ ಆಂತರಿಕ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯವನ್ನು ಅನುಭವಿಸಿದರು.
ಆಶ್ರಮದ
ಹುಡುಗರು ಬೆಳಗ್ಗೆ ಬೇಗ ಏಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಗಾಯಕರು ಎಲ್ಲರಿಗಿಂತಲೂ ಬೇಗನೆ ಏಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಗಾಯಕರು ತಮ್ಮ ಬೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆಯನ್ನು ಹಾಡುತ್ತಾ ಆಶ್ರಮದ ಸುತ್ತಲೂ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಅವರು ಹತ್ತಿರ ಮತ್ತು ಹತ್ತಿರ ಬಂದಾಗ ಅವರ ಧ್ವನಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಕೇಳುತ್ತದೆ. ಆಶ್ರಮದ ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ಭಾಗಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋದಾಗ ಸದ್ದು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಆಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಈ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯವಿದೆ
ಎಂದು ಆಂಡ್ರ್ಯೂ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಈ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆಯು ಮೌನವಾದ
ಬೆಳಿಗ್ಗೆ ಸಂತೋಷ ಮತ್ತು ಗೌರವದ ಅರ್ಥವನ್ನು ನೀಡುತ್ತದೆ.
ಮಧ್ಯಂತರದ
ನಂತರ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಹುಡುಗರು ಚಾಪೆ ಮೇಲೆ ಕುಳಿತು ಧ್ಯಾನ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ. ನಂತರ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಹುಡುಗರು ಮರಗಳ ನೆರಳಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಕೂಡಿ ತಮ್ಮ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆಯನ್ನು ಹಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ಶಾಲೆಯ
ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಹತ್ತೂವರೆ ಗಂಟೆಯವರೆಗೆ ಮುಂದುವರಿಯುತ್ತದೆ. ಈ ಶಾಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ತರಗತಿ
ಕೊಠಡಿಗಳಿಲ್ಲ. ಹುಡುಗರು ತಮ್ಮ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರೊಂದಿಗೆ ಮರಗಳ ಕೆಳಗೆ ಗಾಳಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕುಳಿತುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. 8 ಅಥವಾ 10 ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳ ಗುಂಪು ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರ ಸುತ್ತಲೂ ಕುಳಿತಿದೆ. ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳು ಮುಕ್ತವಾಗಿ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳನ್ನು ಕೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ತರಗತಿಯು ಸಂಭಾಷಣೆಯ ಮೂಲಕ ನಡೆಯುತ್ತದೆ. ಅವರು ಜೀವಂತ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣವನ್ನು ನೀಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ.
ಬೆಳಿಗ್ಗೆ
ತರಗತಿ ಮುಗಿದ ನಂತರ ಹುಡುಗರು ಸ್ನಾನ ಮತ್ತು ಊಟಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಮಧ್ಯಾಹ್ನದ ತರಗತಿಗಳು ಎರಡು ಗಂಟೆಗೆ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭವಾಗುತ್ತವೆ. ಈ ಬಾರಿ ಕರಕುಶಲ
ಕೆಲಸಗಳನ್ನು ಮಾತ್ರ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ ಮಾಡಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಮನಸ್ಸು ಮತ್ತು ಕೈ ಆಧಾರಿತ ಕೆಲಸಗಳನ್ನು
ಮಾತ್ರ ಕಲಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರು
ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳ ಸ್ವಾಭಾವಿಕ ಅಭಿರುಚಿ ಮತ್ತು ಆಸಕ್ತಿಗಳನ್ನು ಕಂಡುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಅವರ ಅಭಿರುಚಿಯ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳು ಮರಗೆಲಸ, ಯಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಕೆಲಸ, ನೂಲುವ, ನೇಯ್ಗೆ, ಡ್ರಾಫ್ಟ್ಮೆನ್, ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆ ಅಥವಾ ಸಂಗೀತವನ್ನು ಕಲಿಯಲು ಬಯಸುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ಮಧ್ಯಾಹ್ನದ
ತರಗತಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ ಕೆಲಸ ಬಹಳ ಕಡಿಮೆ. 4 ಗಂಟೆಗೆ ಶಾಲೆ ಮುಗಿಯುತ್ತದೆ. ನಂತರ ಹುಡುಗರು ವಿವಿಧ ರೀತಿಯ ಆಟಗಳನ್ನು ಆಡಲು ಮೈದಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಅವರು ಫುಟ್ಬಾಲ್ ಕೂಡ ಆಡುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಶಾಂತಿನಿಕೇತನದ ಹುಡುಗರು ಕ್ರೀಡೆ ಮತ್ತು ಆಟಗಳಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧರಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ.
ಸಂಜೆ
ಸೂರ್ಯಾಸ್ತದ ವೇಳೆಗೆ ಹುಡುಗರು ಆಟದ ಮೈದಾನದಿಂದ ಹಿಂತಿರುಗುತ್ತಾರೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಸಮಯದವರೆಗೆ ಧ್ಯಾನ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ. ರಾತ್ರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಲ್ಪನಿಕ ಕಥೆಗಳನ್ನು ಹೇಳಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಅವರು ಸಣ್ಣ ನಾಟಕಗಳನ್ನು ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ, ಗುರುದೇವರ ಹಾಡುಗಳನ್ನು ಹಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ ಮತ್ತು ವಿವಿಧ ಶಾಲಾ ಕೂಟಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ.
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