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WATER - Class 2nd PUC English Textbook Solutions

 CHAPTER: - 14
TOPIC: - WATER
CHALLAPALLI SWAROOPA RANI

SUMMARY

Water, a poem by Challapalli Swaroopa Rani highlights the gender  discrimination  that  existed  from  times  immemorial.  She tries to explain it with many comparisons and the first one  is:  The  water  is  aware  of  the  ground's  incline  and  it knows  how people  have struggled through  generations and this is compared to the dampness that always exists near the well  as  that  part  never  dries.   In  the  same  way,  this discrimination is never going to end.  
Water  is  a  witness  to  the  difference  of  race  between  the Samaria  women  and  Jesus  the  Jew.   It  is  believed  that  the Samaria women are supposed to be the ones who are treated very  badly  as  they  belonged  to  the  lowest  caste  and  it  is believed that Jesus who was offered water from such a lady was  gracious  enough  to  accept  it.   Water  is  aware  of  the difference  that  exists  between  the  cobbler  and  the  weaver.  It  means  even  the  sub-caste  difference  is  very  clearly highlighted.  
Panchama  is  supposed  to  be  the  5th  set  in  the  Varna category  and  these  were  considered  to  be  lower  than  the Shudras  and  were  never  provided  an  opportunity  to  draw water  from  the  well  and  they  were  forced  to  wait  near  the well  with  an  empty  pot  till  a  considerate  Shudra  comes there and draws water from the well.  
Water  again  is  a  witness  to  the  humiliation  that  the  Wada girl  had  to  face  always  when  water  was  drawn  and  while pouring it into her container, a part of it would spill and wet her clothes and this intentional act was the  highest because they would hardly get water, added to it, humiliation was of the highest degree.  
A  lady  called  Karmachedu  Suvarthamma  as  the  one  who raised  her  voice  and  supported  a  Dalit  boy  who  was  being beaten  by  a  group  of  youth.   She  who  had  come  to  collect water  from  the  tank  raises  her  pot  to  stop  the  boy  from being attacked for the reason that he requested the youth to not pollute the water by cleaning their cattle in the tank.  The poet recollects how her Wada people would wait thirsty for  a  glass  of  water.  
The  poetess  describes  that  water  to them  is  not  simply  H2O  but  a  mighty  movement  and  she compares  that  to  a  struggle  at  the  Chadar  tank,  the  Mahad struggle:   It  is  believed  that  all  the  Dalit  men  and  women one day went to Chadar tank and dipped their hands into the waters only to proclaim to the village people that they were opposing  the  norms.   For  people  like  the  poetess,  a  single drop  of  water  makes  them  recollect  tears  shed  over generations.   There  were  many  battles  fought  for  a  single drop  of  water  and  in  this  process  many  people  lost  their lives and yet, they couldn't get a small puddle of water.  
The poetess at her own community appeared to be a cursed one because there were occasions when the community doesn't  have  an  opportunity  to  take  a  bath  every  day,  on the  other  hand,  the  entire  village  could  luxuriously  bathe twice  a  day.   This  clearly  narrates  the  pathetic  state  in which the Panchamas were and that is the main reason for their living.  
Whenever  the  poetess  gets  an  opportunity  to  recollect  her childhood,  she  is  able  to  remember  the  pain  that  she  and her friends experienced when they had to carry heavy pots and their necks would start aching very badly. They had to walk  miles  to  reach  a  canal  and  almost  had  to  steal  water from there.  In a village called Malapalle, there was not a pot of water and  all  the  houses  of  the  people  were  mercilessly  put  on fire.  Water  may  appear  to  be  a  simple  thing  but  its  greatest quality  is  that  it  can  give  life  as  well  as  take  it  away.  
There  are  occasions  when  the  water  could  not  satisfy  a thirsty person but it would transform into a Tsunami wave that nearly swallowed many villagers.  Water  has  the  ability  to  turn  villages  into  dry  deserts  or drown them  in floods as people are just  like  helpless play objects in its cruel hands.  Water has been the cause of fights between states, between villages  and  in  this  process,  many  people  have  been seriously  wounded  and  some  have  even  lost  their  lives. Whatever  be  the  nature  of  water,  off  late,  it  has  been transformed to sit innocently in a Bisleri bottle. It means, if human beings have the ability to purchase water, they can truly  do  so  now.   
Earlier,  many  women  like  the  poetess had to struggle to get even a small pot of water but now it has  been  transformed  into  a  multinational  market commodity. It  has created a  great revolution and  in  doing so,  no  human  being  is  discriminated.   It  is  believed  that water  is  present  everywhere  and  it  can  take  the  whole world in its strive.

I.    Answer  the  following questions  in  a word, a  phrase or a sentence each: -

1.    What according to the speaker of Water' is a witness to centuries of social injustice?
Ans: Water.  

2.    Who had to wait for a Shudra to get water for him?
Ans: A Panchama.  

3.    What does a Dalit consider as a wondrous festival?

Ans: The weekly bath.  

4.    How often do the Dalits get a chance to have bath?

Ans: Once a week.  

5.    How many times does the entire village other than Dalits bathe?
Ans: Twice a day.  

6. Who opposed the Kamma landlords?
Or
Who opposed Kamma landlords in the poem ‘Water’? 
                     
Ans: Karamachedu Suvarthamma.  

6.    Which social movement did the author refer to in the poem, 'Water'?

Ans: Mahad struggle at the Chadar tank in Mumbai.  

7.    Where did the Mahad Struggle take place?
Or     
Where did the Mahad Struggle mentioned in ‘Water’ take place?     
             
Ans: At the Chadar tank in Mumbai.  

8.    Which are the two biblical characters mentioned in the poem, 'Water'?
Ans: Samaria woman and Jesus.  

9.    Which tool did Karamachedu Suvarthamma used to oppose the land lords?

Ans: Water pot.  

10.    Who can devour lives according to the speaker of the poem, 'Water'?

Ans: Water can devour lives.  

11.    Who is considered to be omniscient by the speaker of the poem, 'Water'?
Ans: Water is considered to be omniscient.  

12.    Who, according to the speaker of ‘Water’, are plaything in water’s vicious hands?           
Ans: The poor people / The poor.  

13.    Water can also sit innocently in a ………….. (Fill in the blanks)                  

Ans: Bisleri Bottle.

II.    Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80 – 100 words each:  
III.    Answer the following questions in about 200 words:  

1.  Explain  the  discrimination,  untouchables  have  to experience with reference to the poem Water.
Ans:The poem Water speaks  of the suffering of the Dalits. From  many  generations,  they  have  fought  for  their  rights. But  they  couldn't  even  win  a  small  puddle  of  water  There was  always  disagreement  between  people  of  village  and Wada.  It  speaks  of  agony  of  the  Panchama,  who  has  no right to draw a pot of water. And he is expected to wait all day near the well with his empty pot until a shudra arrives. It describes the  humiliation of the  Wada girl and about her pain when an upper caste man approaches her to satisfy his lust. It's life long struggle for them.  

2.  How  does  Challapalli  Swaroopa  Rani  describe  the cruelty of untouchability in the poem ‘Water’?
 
Ans:In the poem Water the poet has used one of very useful natural resources, water to describe the cruelty of untouchability.  Here,  the  poet  says  that  water  knows  the agony of the Panchama group of people, who do not have the  right  to  draw  a  pot  of  water  from  the  public  well.  So, they  had  to  wait  all  the  daynear  the  well  withtheir  empty pots  until  a  shudra  arrived  to  pour  water  into  their  pots. The poet describes how the Dalit girls were humiliated by high caste people. Further, she continues to say that water was not only HO for them, but it was a mighty movement. They  had  struggled  a  lot  to  get  a  single  drop  of  water Moreover, they shed tears over several  generations. Many battles were fought and blood flowed like stream but they never managed to win even a small puddle of water. Thus, the poet emphasizes on the social discrimination that exist in our society  

3. The  caste  difference is clearly  depicted  in the poem, 'Water? Explain.
Ans:  Water  is  used  as  an  important  symbol  to  depict  the caste differences in the society. Water has been the witness for centuries to this  discrimination. The poet says that the people  especially  the  Panchamas  are  not  allowed  to  fetch water  on  their  own  and  therefore  are  expected  to  wait  for the  Shudras  to  come  and  get  them  water.  The  whole village  takes  bath  twice  a  day  while  the  low  caste  people consider it a festival to take bath  once a  week.  In spite of the  scarcity  of  drinking  water  for  the  Dalitsand  other  low caste people, the  high caste  have commoditized  water and sell it in the market for profits.  

4.  Why  does  the  speaker  affirm  that  'Water  is  not simple thing'?
OR
Why  does  the  poet  consider  water  as  amighty movement?

Ans:  The  poet  feels  water  is  not  a  simple  thing  for  them. However, water is an essential commodity for the survival of human beings and Dalits and low caste are no exception to  this  rule.  The  poet  however  presents  a  contrary  picture where the whole village is divided based on their caste and water  becomes  the  symbol  of  their  demarcation.  The poetsays  there  have  been  a  number  of  movements  and struggles  that  have  occurred  because  of  water.  He  alludes to  Mahad  struggle.  The  poet  further  speaks  of  how thousands  of  people  have  given  their  lives  to  free  society of this evil.  

5. Which  are the personal  memories of the poet which inspire her to write the poem, 'Water'?

Ans:  The  poet  has  vivid  memories  of  her  childhood  that are  associated  with  water.  The  poet  remembers  how  her Wada  would  remain  thirsty  the  whole  day  for  a  drop  of water. The poet also remembers the Mahad struggle which is  associated  with  water.  She  also  remembers  the  battles they  have  fought  for  the  sake  of  water.  She  remembers how she  welcomed  her weekly bath. She is also reminded of  her  childhood  and  how  she  walked  miles  to  reach  the big  canal  and  carried  back  heavy  pots,  with  the  muscles and  veins  on  their  necks  straining  and  bursting.  She remembers  how  at  Malapalle  a  villagewas  burnt  to  ashes for wantof water.  

6.  How  does  the  poem,  Water'  reveal  the  humiliation, injustice and thirst?
Or
The  poem  Water'  demonstrates  the  discrimination  in them society based on caste. Justify.
Or
The  difference  of  race  and  agony  of  the  Panchama  due to  water  has  been  effectively  brought  out  in  'Water Discuss.
Or
 How  does  the  poem  demonstrate  the  disparity  and discrimination in our society using water as a symbol?
Or
How  does  the  poem  Water'  demonstrate  the  disparity and  discrimination  in  our  society  using  water  as  a symbol?
Or
Is  water  instrumental  in  social  discrimination  and disparity? Discuss with reference to ‘Water’.                                                                         

Or
Bring out the bitter instances recollected by the speaker in 'Water.

Ans: The poet uses the powerful symbol of water to depict the prominent presence  of caste system and untouchability, particularly in Indian society. Water is the most essential of elements on earth for the survival of all animate things and yet  this  basic  requirement  is  denied  to  the  section  of  the society,  just  because  they  happen  to  belong  to  a  particular caste. This is the point that the poet seems to  emphasize in the poem.  The  poet  talks  of  the  life  of  the  Panchama  caste.  The  poet focuses  on the agony  of the Panchama, a caste  which  does not even feature in the distinctly divided Varana Ashramas. The  Panchama  does  not  have  the  right  to  draw  a  pot  of water  from  the  well  and  thus  they  wait  the  whole  day  for somegentle Shudra to come and give him some water.  Ironically the Shudra also happens to be on the last rung of the social order. The poet further elaborates on the agony of the Panchama girl. As this girl waits to get water, the giver pours  water  from  a  distance  and  eventually  water  falls  out and  drenches her. This action brings in a lot of  humiliation to the  girl. This is true in  case  of people  who belong to all the  lower  castes.  They  are  discriminated  and  are  denied  of this essential necessity for survival.  

7.  "Water  can  give  life  and  devour  lives?  Write  about the  significance  of  the  statement  based  on  the  poem 'Water’.
Ans: The poet introduces us to the innumerable attributes of water. She says water is not asimple thing. It has the ability to  give  life toeverything;  likewise, it also  has the ability to destroy everything. The poet talks about how; water can be both preserver and destroyer of life.  Further  elaboratingon  the  destructive  and  constructive nature  of  water,  she  makes  reference  to  Tsunami  which destroyed villages and millions of people in a span of few minutes.  The  same  water  which  destroyed  villages  also quenches the thirst of parched throats. The  poor  villagers  become  playthings  in  the  powerful hands of water. At times it turns some villages into deserts and some other times it drowns villages. The poor are part of the vicious circle and have no escape from the clutches of the 'monster.  

8.  How  does  the  speaker  reveal  the  pain  and  suffering of the lower caste people in the poem, 'Water'?             
Or
Describe  the  struggles  suffered  by  the  Wada  people  to get water.     
                                                  
Ans:  The  poet  focuses  on  the  agony  of  a  Panchama,  a caste which does not even feature in the distinctly divided Varana  Ashramas. The  Panchama  does  not  have  the  right to draw a pot of water from the well and thus they wait the whole  day  for  somegentle  Shudra  to  come  andgive  him some  water.  Ironically  the  Shudra  also  happens  to  be  on the  last  rung  of  the  social  order.  The  poet  further elaborates  the  agony  of  the  Panchama  girl.  As  this  girl waits  to  get  some  water,  the  giver  pours  water  from  a distance  and  eventually  water  falls  out  and  drenches  her. This action brings a lot of humiliation to the girl. The  poor,  villagers  become  playthings  in  the  powerful hands of water. At times it turns some villages into deserts and at other times it  drowns villages. The poor are part of the vicious circle and have no escape from the clutches of the 'monster.  

9.  "Water  is  a  multinational  market  commodity" Explain.

Ans:  The  poet  focuses  on  a  number  of  contemporary issues. First and foremost, she talks of how water has been a  cause  of  distinction  and  strife  between  the  Wada  and  a village.  She  says  this  conflict  is  not  just  restricted  to  a Wada  and  a  village  but  has  been  the  cause  of  conflict between states. It has the ability to cause  violence and bloodshed. This is something  we  have been  experiencing in the recent times. But  contrary  to  everything  the  poet  says  in  the  previous stanzas,  she  begins  to  make  mockery  of  the  age  old practice of untouchability which does not find any place in the  globalized  world  today.  She  talks  of  how  water  is commoditized  and  packed  in  a  Bisleri  bottle  and  is  being made  accessible  to  everyoneirrespective  of  their  caste,  if you arewilling and ready to pay for it.  

10.  Water  can  give  life  and  can  also  devour  lives. Examine  the  significance  of  this  statement  in  the  light of ‘Water’.  
Ans: Water has always been viewed sacred as asymbol of purity,  a  precious  and  divine  gift.  If  is  synonymous  with life. It is a gift bestowed by  mother  nature, free  of cost to everyone regardless  of caste, class  or creed.  Yet the same water  the  life  giving  water  can  alone  devour  lives.  When the  water  was  denied  to  thirsty  people  because  they belonged  to  lower  class,  it  came  as  the  killer  Tsunami waves which devoured entire villagers. The poor are more like playthings, for water is capable of turning villages into dry deserts or causing untold misery through floods.
Water,  a  harmless  substance  is  capable  of  causing  violent consequences,  it  can  ignite  conflict  and  strife  between castes and states over water sharing. Now in this modern  age,  when  multinational  companies  are  interested  only  in the  profit    margins  by  investingmore  and  more  in  mineral water plants in fact they make most horrifyingthreat i.e. the depletion of the ground water level. It not only degrades the environment  but  also  once  again  make  the  poor,  the  worst sufferers.

11.  How  is  the  destructive  nature  of  water  brought  out in the poem 'Water'?        
Ans:Water can  give  life as well as devour  life  for a pot  of water.  This  fight  occurred  between  Karnataka  and  Tamil Nadu.  People  of  both  the  states  destroyed  each  other's property  and  destroyed  and  damaged  buses  Just  over  the question of sharing water. This elixir of life, is also capable of causing untold misery and devastation in the form of the killer Tsunami waves, which swallowed whole village after village in coastal Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in 2004. The  poor  are  mere  playthings  in  its  vicious  hands,  for  it  is they  who  have  to  suffer  sometimes  in  the  form  of giantwaves  or  through  drought  or  at  times  in  the  form  of floods.  We  see  how  the  poor  are  affected  by  the  lack  of access  to  clean  drinking  water  and  at  the  other  times,  they bear the brunt of nature's fury.  

KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:  

  The speaker describes the agony of the Panchamas, thewada  girl  and  the  incident  of  Karamachedu Suvarthamma  of  waterwho  opposed  the  Kamma land lords.
  Water  is  witness  to  centuries  of  social  injustice. For the untouchables, it was a mighty movement.
  It was Mahad struggle at the Chadar tank.
  They had no water even for aweekly bath.
  But the entire village bathed twice a day.
  The  village  Malapalle  was  burnt  into  ashes  for  a pot.
  Water is destroyer with tsunami waves.
  Thiswater  can  create  many  struggles  between  the village  andthe  wada,and  between  one  states  to another.
  But it  is  nowin a  Bisleri  bottle. It has a  new  name 'Mineral Water".
  Ithas become a multinational market commodity.
  It isomniscient and contains the world

RECAPITULATION:

  A narrative poem
  Discrimination on the basis of caste and creed
  The agony of low caste people
  Water has a long history of conflict
  Knows the difference of race
  Samaria woman and Jesus
  Panchama had no right to draw water
  Wada girl humiliated
  Suvarthamma’s fight
  Mahad struggle
  The speaker’s childhood memories
  Water as a commodity
  Falling in the hands of multinational companies  


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