Class 8 Science Chapter 16 Light
Light Textbook s and Answers
Light Textbook s and Answers
1. Suppose you are in a dark room. Can you see objects in the room? Can you see objects outside the room? Explain.
Answer: We cannot see objects in the darkroom. But, we can see objects outside the room, in case there is light outside the room. To see objects, we need light which must reflect from the object to the eyes.
Answer: We cannot see objects in the darkroom. But, we can see objects outside the room, in case there is light outside the room. To see objects, we need light which must reflect from the object to the eyes.
2. Differentiate between regular and diffused reflection. Does diffused reflection mean the failure of the laws of reflection?
Answer:
No, Diffused reflection is not the failure of the laws of reflection.
3. Mention against each of the following whether regular or diffused reflection will take place when a beam of light strikes. Justify your answer in each case.
1. Polished wooden table
2. Chalk powder
3. Cardboard surface
4. Marble floor with water spread over it
5. Mirror
6. The earthquake can be predicted in advance.
Answer:
1. A polished wooden table will have regular reflection because its surface is smooth.
2. A chalk powder will get the diffused reflection because chalk particles are not smooth i.e it is rough.
3. The cardboard surface has minute irregularities on it, so it will have a diffused reflection.
4. Marble stone with spread over it will have regular reflection if water is stable but if waves are formed then diffused reflection will take place.
5. A mirror will reflect light regularly due to its smooth surface.
6. A piece of paper will have irregular reflection due to minute irregularities on it.
1. Polished wooden table
2. Chalk powder
3. Cardboard surface
4. Marble floor with water spread over it
5. Mirror
6. The earthquake can be predicted in advance.
Answer:
1. A polished wooden table will have regular reflection because its surface is smooth.
2. A chalk powder will get the diffused reflection because chalk particles are not smooth i.e it is rough.
3. The cardboard surface has minute irregularities on it, so it will have a diffused reflection.
4. Marble stone with spread over it will have regular reflection if water is stable but if waves are formed then diffused reflection will take place.
5. A mirror will reflect light regularly due to its smooth surface.
6. A piece of paper will have irregular reflection due to minute irregularities on it.
4. State the laws of reflection.
Answer: Following are the laws of reflection:
• The incident ray reflected ray and normal drawn at the point of incidence to the reflecting surface always lie in the same plane.
• The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.
Answer: Following are the laws of reflection:
• The incident ray reflected ray and normal drawn at the point of incidence to the reflecting surface always lie in the same plane.
• The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.
5. Describe an activity to show that the incident rays, the reflected ray, and the normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.
Answer: Take a plane mirror and make it stand with help of a block on a plane sheet as shown in the figure. Now draw an incident line on it AB. Now see in the mirror and mark the points on the paper, where you feel the line is travelling after getting reflected from the mirror (P1 and P2). Now remove the mirror and mark it as sand join the points to make the reflected ray BC.
Answer: Take a plane mirror and make it stand with help of a block on a plane sheet as shown in the figure. Now draw an incident line on it AB. Now see in the mirror and mark the points on the paper, where you feel the line is travelling after getting reflected from the mirror (P1 and P2). Now remove the mirror and mark it as sand join the points to make the reflected ray BC.
6. Fill in the blanks in the following:
1. A person 1 m in front of a plane mirror seems to be _________ m away from his image.
2. If you touch your _________ ear with your right hand in front of a plane mirror it will be seen in the mirror that your right ear is touched with _________
3. The size of the pupil becomes _________ when you see in dim light.
4. Night birds have _________ cones than rods in their eyes.
Answer:
1. A person 1 m in front of a plane mirror seems to be 2 m away from his image.
2. If you touch your left ear with your right hand in front of a plane mirror it will be seen in the mirror that your right ear is touched with your left hand.
3. The size of the pupil becomes large when you see it in dim light.
4. Night birds have fewer cones than rods in their eyes.
Choose the correct option in s 7-8.
1. A person 1 m in front of a plane mirror seems to be _________ m away from his image.
2. If you touch your _________ ear with your right hand in front of a plane mirror it will be seen in the mirror that your right ear is touched with _________
3. The size of the pupil becomes _________ when you see in dim light.
4. Night birds have _________ cones than rods in their eyes.
Answer:
1. A person 1 m in front of a plane mirror seems to be 2 m away from his image.
2. If you touch your left ear with your right hand in front of a plane mirror it will be seen in the mirror that your right ear is touched with your left hand.
3. The size of the pupil becomes large when you see it in dim light.
4. Night birds have fewer cones than rods in their eyes.
Choose the correct option in s 7-8.
7. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection:
(a) Always
(b) Sometimes
(c) Under special conditions
(d) Never
Answer:
(a) Always
(a) Always
(b) Sometimes
(c) Under special conditions
(d) Never
Answer:
(a) Always
8. The image formed by a plane mirror is:
(a) Virtual, behind the mirror, and enlarged.
(b) Virtual, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.
(c) Real at the surface of the mirror and enlarged.
(d) Real, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.
Answer:
(b) Virtual, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.
(a) Virtual, behind the mirror, and enlarged.
(b) Virtual, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.
(c) Real at the surface of the mirror and enlarged.
(d) Real, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.
Answer:
(b) Virtual, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.
9. Describe the construction of a kaleidoscope.
Answer: We take three-mirror strips of the same shape and size and join them together to make a triangular tube. We make sure that the shiny sides of all the mirrors are on the inside. Now we fix them in place with rubber bands. We paste butter paper on one end of the tube and put broken pieces of glass bangles in the tube. We paste a piece of transparent paper (mellophone) or glass on the other end and hold the end with butter paper towards a source of light and look into the tube through the other end. On moving the tube, we will see beautiful shapes.
Answer: We take three-mirror strips of the same shape and size and join them together to make a triangular tube. We make sure that the shiny sides of all the mirrors are on the inside. Now we fix them in place with rubber bands. We paste butter paper on one end of the tube and put broken pieces of glass bangles in the tube. We paste a piece of transparent paper (mellophone) or glass on the other end and hold the end with butter paper towards a source of light and look into the tube through the other end. On moving the tube, we will see beautiful shapes.
10. Draw a labelled sketch of the human eye.
Answer:
Answer:
11. Gurmit wanted to perform Activity 16.8 using a laser torch. Her teacher advised her not to do so. Can you explain the basis of the teacher’s advice?
Answer: The teacher has advised her not to use a laser torch because laser light is harmful to the eyes and can cause some permanent damage to the eyes when directly in the eyes.
Answer: The teacher has advised her not to use a laser torch because laser light is harmful to the eyes and can cause some permanent damage to the eyes when directly in the eyes.
12. Explain how you can take care of your eyes?
Answer: The following care should be taken to keep our eyes healthy and free from any defect:
• We should not look at the sun or a powerful light source directly.
• Too little or too much light is bad for the eyes. Insufficient light causes eye strain and headaches. Too much light, like that of the sun, or powerful lamps, can injure the retina, which is very delicate.
• If advised, suitable spectacles should be used.
• We should wash our eyes frequently with clean water.
• We should always read from a normal distance for distinct vision and not read by bringing the book too close or keeping it too far.
• We should never rub our eyes if any small particle of dust goes into our eyes. Instead, eyes should be washed with clean water and if the condition does not improve, a doctor should be consulted.
• If food is deficient in some components, the eye may also suffer. Lack of vitamin A in our diet is responsible for many eye troubles. The most common amongst them is night blindness. Therefore, to get rid of this, we must include in diet components which have vitamin A.
Answer: The following care should be taken to keep our eyes healthy and free from any defect:
• We should not look at the sun or a powerful light source directly.
• Too little or too much light is bad for the eyes. Insufficient light causes eye strain and headaches. Too much light, like that of the sun, or powerful lamps, can injure the retina, which is very delicate.
• If advised, suitable spectacles should be used.
• We should wash our eyes frequently with clean water.
• We should always read from a normal distance for distinct vision and not read by bringing the book too close or keeping it too far.
• We should never rub our eyes if any small particle of dust goes into our eyes. Instead, eyes should be washed with clean water and if the condition does not improve, a doctor should be consulted.
• If food is deficient in some components, the eye may also suffer. Lack of vitamin A in our diet is responsible for many eye troubles. The most common amongst them is night blindness. Therefore, to get rid of this, we must include in diet components which have vitamin A.
13. What is the angle of incidence of a ray if the reflected ray is at an angle of 90° to the incident ray?
Answer: The angle of incidence is 45°.
(As the angle of incidence = Angle of reflection)
Answer: The angle of incidence is 45°.
(As the angle of incidence = Angle of reflection)
14. How many images of a candle will be formed if it is placed between two parallel plane mirrors separated by 40 cm?
Answer: The infinite number of images of the candle will be formed if it is placed between two parallel plane mirrors.
Answer: The infinite number of images of the candle will be formed if it is placed between two parallel plane mirrors.
15. Two mirrors meet at right angles. A ray of light is incident on one at an angle of 30° as shown in Fig. 16.19. Draw the reflected ray from the second mirror.
16. Boojho stands at A just on the side of a plane mirror as shown in Fig. 16.20. Can he see himself in the mirror? Also, can he see the image of objects situated at P, Q, and R?
Answer:
Boojho will not be able to see himself in the mirror. But he can see images of objects situated at P and Q. He cannot see objects situated at R.
Answer:
Boojho will not be able to see himself in the mirror. But he can see images of objects situated at P and Q. He cannot see objects situated at R.
17.
(a) Find out the position of the image of an object situated at A in the plane mirror (Fig.).
(b) Can Paheli at B see this image?
(c) Can Boojho at C see this image?
(d) When Paheli moves from B to C, where does the image of A move?
(a) Find out the position of the image of an object situated at A in the plane mirror (Fig.).
(b) Can Paheli at B see this image?
(c) Can Boojho at C see this image?
(d) When Paheli moves from B to C, where does the image of A move?
Answer:
(b) Yes, Paheli from B can see the image.
(c) Yes, Boojho from C can see the image.
(d) The image remains at the same place. The image moves only if the object of the mirror is moved.
Light Additional s and Answers
1. Mention two characteristics of light.
Answer: Two characteristics of light are:
• It enables us to ‘see’ objects in the beautiful and colourful world around us.
• It provides us means of communication.
Answer: Two characteristics of light are:
• It enables us to ‘see’ objects in the beautiful and colourful world around us.
• It provides us means of communication.
2. Write the three properties of light.
Answer: The three properties of light are:
• Light travels in a straight line.
• Reflection.
• Reflection.
Answer: The three properties of light are:
• Light travels in a straight line.
• Reflection.
• Reflection.
3. What are incident ray and reflected ray?
Answer: The light ray, which strikes any surface, is called the incident ray. The ray that comes back from the surface after reflection is known as the reflected ray.
Answer: The light ray, which strikes any surface, is called the incident ray. The ray that comes back from the surface after reflection is known as the reflected ray.
4. What is the angle of incidence and angle of reflection?
Answer: The angle between the normal and incident ray is called the angle of incidence (∠i). The angle between the normal and the reflected ray is called the angle of reflection (∠r).
Answer: The angle between the normal and incident ray is called the angle of incidence (∠i). The angle between the normal and the reflected ray is called the angle of reflection (∠r).
5. Can the reflected rays be further reflected if incident on another mirror?
Answer: Yes, reflected rays can be further reflected if incident on another mirror.
Answer: Yes, reflected rays can be further reflected if incident on another mirror.
6. How can you see the hair at the back of your head?
Answer: The back of the head can be seen due to the reflection of light from the mirror placed at the back of the head.
Answer: The back of the head can be seen due to the reflection of light from the mirror placed at the back of the head.
7. What happens if two plane mirrors are used in combination?
Answer: A number of images are formed if we place two mirrors at an angle to one other. This is used in Kaleidoscope.
Answer: A number of images are formed if we place two mirrors at an angle to one other. This is used in Kaleidoscope.
8. What is meant by spectrum? Name the colours of the spectrum in their order.
Answer: The band of seven colours dispersed by a glass prism is known as a spectrum. The seven colours in a spectrum are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red known as VIBGYOR.
Answer: The band of seven colours dispersed by a glass prism is known as a spectrum. The seven colours in a spectrum are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red known as VIBGYOR.
9. Name the most valuable and sensitive sense organs, which nature has endowed on us to see the wonderful world of light and colour.
Answer: The Human eye.
Answer: The Human eye.
10. Draw a labelled diagram of the human eye. Explain the structure of the eye.
Answer:
The eye consists of:
1. Eyeball: It is nearly spherical in shape. It preserves the shape of the eye and protects it from injury.
2. Eye lens: The eye lens is in the front of the eyeball. It makes a real and inverted image of the objects on the retina. It is held in its place by ciliary muscles attached to the eyeball.
3. Ciliary muscles: The ciliary muscles surrounding the eye lens can increase or decrease the thickness of the lens, thus making its focal length shorter or longer.
4. Retina: The retina is a thin tissue that has many layers of cells. It consists of nerve cells that are sensitive to the brightness as well as to the colours of light. The nerve cells carry messages about the image from the retina to the brain in the form of special signals. The brain then interprets these signals and enables us to see the objects.
5. Iris: Iris is the coloured part of the eyes. It controls the amount of light that can pass through the eye lens to the retina.
6. Pupil: The dark spot in the center of the iris is called the pupil. The pupil is the opening of the eye.
7. Cornea: It is a thin layer of transparent material covering the iris. The main function of the cornea is to protect the eyes. It also helps in focusing light.
Answer:
1. Eyeball: It is nearly spherical in shape. It preserves the shape of the eye and protects it from injury.
2. Eye lens: The eye lens is in the front of the eyeball. It makes a real and inverted image of the objects on the retina. It is held in its place by ciliary muscles attached to the eyeball.
3. Ciliary muscles: The ciliary muscles surrounding the eye lens can increase or decrease the thickness of the lens, thus making its focal length shorter or longer.
4. Retina: The retina is a thin tissue that has many layers of cells. It consists of nerve cells that are sensitive to the brightness as well as to the colours of light. The nerve cells carry messages about the image from the retina to the brain in the form of special signals. The brain then interprets these signals and enables us to see the objects.
5. Iris: Iris is the coloured part of the eyes. It controls the amount of light that can pass through the eye lens to the retina.
6. Pupil: The dark spot in the center of the iris is called the pupil. The pupil is the opening of the eye.
7. Cornea: It is a thin layer of transparent material covering the iris. The main function of the cornea is to protect the eyes. It also helps in focusing light.
11. Write some precautions which must be taken to protect our eyes.
Answer: The precautions taken to protect our eyes are:
1. We should wash our eyes at least twice a day with clean cold water.
2. We should not use too bright or too dim light while reading or doing work that requires a close look.
3. We should raise our eyes from time to time while reading, watching television, or doing work that requires a close look.
4. We should not read in a moving bus, car, or train.
5. We should never rub our eyes if something gets into them.
6. We should play carefully and pay attention to sharp projections.
7. In the event of injury, we must consult a doctor.
8. We should not squeeze our eyes to see. In case it happens then we must consult the doctor.
Answer: The precautions taken to protect our eyes are:
1. We should wash our eyes at least twice a day with clean cold water.
2. We should not use too bright or too dim light while reading or doing work that requires a close look.
3. We should raise our eyes from time to time while reading, watching television, or doing work that requires a close look.
4. We should not read in a moving bus, car, or train.
5. We should never rub our eyes if something gets into them.
6. We should play carefully and pay attention to sharp projections.
7. In the event of injury, we must consult a doctor.
8. We should not squeeze our eyes to see. In case it happens then we must consult the doctor.
12. How do persons become visually challenged?
Answer: Persons become visually challenged because of injury to:
1. Any part of the eye, which propagates light (cornea, pupil, eye len).
2. Retina.
3. Optic nerve.
Answer: Persons become visually challenged because of injury to:
1. Any part of the eye, which propagates light (cornea, pupil, eye len).
2. Retina.
3. Optic nerve.
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